Drilling is the process of the most important and most dangerous operations and the most expensive, which is the only technology to extract oil from the ground, and carried oil extraction process through four basic stages:
1 - oil drilling Oil Well Drilling
Oil wells are drilled by rotary drilling (Rotary Drilling) which are used for drilling platform
It can be described briefly as follows:
Rotary drilling rig platform:
Drilling rig used in the drilling process rotational It consists of basic parts help in the drilling process.
A - drilling tower: derrick
It is a metallic tower erect above a broad horizontal platform is used in this tower
The installation process of drilling columns vertically and connected to each other, and then push it to the bottom of the helical manner
B - columns drilling: drilling pipe
It is a very solid metal poles edges expire links to connect to each other to form a longer column, characterized by drilling columns as hollow to allow the passage of drilling mud inside.
C - head drilling (Drill): bit
It is a metal block made of different geometric shapes, with sharp edges may be
In the form of gears working to break up a rock hollow and contain holes in
Down impulsively allow drilling mud into the hole through which the cavity.
D - drilling mud: mud
It is a mix chemicals ground water to be thick liquid. During the drilling process
This fluid is pumped by huge pumps through the cavity inside the drill pipe
To reach the drill head, and out through the slots in the bottom of the well rushes onward to even higher
Up to the surface, carrying with him the rock cuttings resulting from the drilling process, and on the surface passes
Mud on the candidate separates rock crumbs from the mud. And then push the mud back to the
Drill pipe cavity and the ball comes back to be what is known as drilling mud cycle.
And can the benefits of using drilling mud summarized as follows:
Cooling of drilling equipment, where the temperature rises due to friction v rocks during drilling.
Directed by rock fragments resulting from the drilling process v during rush of mud from the bottom of the well to the surface.
Increase the cohesion of the wall to prevent drilling v collapse of the walls of the hole during drilling.
Avoid the release of gas or fluid in v under high pressure into the ground, which may lead to the case of an explosion in the well, by balancing the weight of the mud column in the existing drilling pressure of gases and liquids in rock layers.
When access to certain drilling depths are lining the well pipe steel tube called a lining (Casing) this tube is lowered from the top of the well to the pump room and prove the special quality of the cement between the pipe and the borehole wall lining works to install the pipe in the wall. This prevents the pipe from the collapse of the well, and also prevents the loss of mud during the height of the earth's surface and that Btakllah through the walls of the well (especially if the porous permeable rock) or through the cavernous cavities may be present in some areas of drilling. Also, this tube prevents the leakage of groundwater-bearing layers of the earth to the well. Qatar and have a great Folding tube at the top and gradually getting smaller to greater depths. Before you start digging a new phase of the well conducted by lining tube after it is installed in concrete, with a well under drilling tower platform, composed the well head of the group, ceiling (Flanges), fittings and valves arrive Boallagha blocker device explosion (Blow out Preventer, Bop) which will enable them to prevent Exit gas or oil or water during drilling until the drilling and casing operations and other safe.
3 - perforation drill pipe:
At the end of the drilling and ensure access to the oil-bearing strata is lowered shipment of certain explosives occur explosion limited allows Pttguib the drill pipe and the widening cracks in the reservoir rock, and may be perforation process in two different depths in the same well, and thus become the well double production as in shape and if you do not the flow of oil it is lowered appropriate amount of hydrochloric acid, especially in the limestone layers to increase the permeability of the rocks, and may be Rifts rock layer using high pressure to allow the entry into force of the oil to the bottom of the drill pipe.
After perforating the well it is lowered diameter tube about three inches inside the well, if the double production of the well, is inserted padding between production tube and tube-fold over the bottom area Vidvq oil production from this layer through this tube. As for the production of top Vidvq region of space between the production tube and folding tube.
4 - Holiday Christmas s Tree Christmas Tree
During the drilling of the well is filled with heavy drilling mud even possible to overcome the pressure. This allows at the end of drilling operations and requirements to lift the mind blast (BOP) without gravity. Then install the wellhead and conducting tube and tube production Folding at the top of the tower.
The wellhead is a set of valves and fittings through which can control the flow of oil, the well head and called in this case Christmas tree festival (Christmass Tree). And then displaced mud from Folding pipe to pump water until the water becomes less of oil pressure in the layer produced and when it pays a mixture of oil and gas in front of the water in the well and begin production
