How is shale oil production?
Shale oil definition: It is normal oil there is in the nature of the liquid state, within the pores of the semi-rocks deaf does not allow him to flow without opening passages of poetry reached between Msamath to where the hole production, and this improved permeability where it is the greater permeability is improving well production, and The lower permeability well production fluids from underground dropped.
And shale oil production is done through a process called hydraulic Crusted, this process requires the presence of a number of expensive heavy equipment and large-capacity pumps to pump fluid under high pressure.
And you need one of the well to a large amount of water up to five million gallons, with a mixture of chemical and quantity of coarse sand material. The purpose of President of the process, as evidenced by its name, is a rock-solid Thqiq under pressure pumping and cause cracks poetry rushes through which the liquid oil to the well, to be produced like an ordinary well. The task of chemicals to help soften the rocks to make it easier Thqigaha. During the process of Athqiq rush-grained sand to settle in the rocky crevices and keep it open after the demise of the pressure Crusted process.
The effectiveness of treatment producing hydraulic Crusted layers in a manner very much depends on the quality of used fluids and their properties, where the hydraulic fluid Crusted consists of 99.5% water and sand, and 0.5% and additives are chemicals that help Crusted process.
Liquid must have a good able to maintain the sand particles suspended in it until you reach the updated in-class notch, but at the same time should check less loss of pressure as a result of friction between the liquid and the walls of the pipes, which is pumped through it in the well, so usually is the use of two types of liquids, In the beginning, using a liquid for a few wife to be able to bring about cracks easily and then use a high-viscosity liquid to transport sand granules to cracks.
Also plays loss leaching an important role in the dimensions of the cracks that are obtained, the more the loss leaching slightly whenever the deepest notch in the class (the radius of the region's largest) cracked, and vice versa whenever he lost a large cold whenever incision is smaller and the impact of lost leaching on the dimensions of the cracks bigger much of the impact of the rate of fluid in the class as well as viscosity.
Thus, the fluid should choose to suit the conditions existing in the class, especially with regard to the nature of the fluid which they are located and from this point of view, the fluid used in the hydraulic Crusted can be divided into three groups:
1. with an oil based fluids.
2. with water-based fluids.
3. mixed fluids from Msthaliat type.
Maintaining the cracks process is also considered after re-Crusted means of a very important class to the success of this treatment process, which is done by injecting a solid material removed from the surface by means of Crusted In the second stage after a Crusted.
Of material that keeps the incision open and expensive to use are: grains of sand Alkuartza which must be homogeneous and spherical dimensions, as well as aluminum or glass granules or a mixture of sand and aluminum Alkuartza ....... etc.
And these granules must have the following conditions:
- Great resistance to compression.
- Crusted not be affected by liquid or fluid in the existing class.
- To enjoy good Bnfoveh when Andgatha by the walls of the notch after decreasing the pressure in the Kabqh result of the withdrawal of the liquid after treatment.
- Be easy to prepare and low costs.
The dimensions of the particles depends on the permeability of the layer where used granules Boavadd ranging from (0.5 to 0.8 mm) in order to few permeability, either for higher-permeability layers Vtstaml granules with dimensions ranging from (0.8 to 1.5 mm) in order to secure the capacity large flow through the cracks formed.
It is characteristic of shale oil production that very few compared to the quantity of production of conventional oil, and production well lose more than 70 per cent of its production during the first year. And graded descent of production for two or three years until it reaches the level of uneconomic. And then re-Crusted process or drilling a new well.
And range from digging the rocky cost of the well in the United States from four to eight million dollars. If we take into account the availability factor of competition between the various companies there and trained manpower, the bringing of one of those companies outside the United States, as the Middle East, will pay the costs to weakness at the very least, not to mention the scarcity of water in desert environments.
And here we must note that the shale oil production was not as a result of the development of new technological methods have contributed to facilitate the extraction of this type of oils, or that it happened after that was discovered commercial quantities of oils non-traditional, Oil shale was known its existence for decades. And the process of hydraulic Crusted with all its components and details were the other known a long time ago and operates most of the oil companies around the world. The producers, who pay finally to resort to non-conventional oil production is high-cost prices that exceeded the hundred-dollar a barrel level in the past years. And to what degree, the feeling that the traditional cheap oil production has been verging on the highest level, with the continuity of increasing global demand for energy sources, where he became a full does not meet the growing energy requirements of the international community.
In the oil-producing wells shale rock size is very limited and only a short distance from the vicinity of the well. Once you start down the production quantity by a large margin, as is seen in the chart above. Terms of the amount per well production rate is less than 500 barrels per day and diminished significantly during the first three years of life, which requires re-Crusted process or drilling new wells, which is likely. While the production of conventional oil wells rate of more than three thousand barrels per day and the age of the well may extend to more than 20 years. Whatever we add new wells and renewed life of old wells, quantity of production will remain modest and the process is very expensive. And ranges from the cost of producing a barrel of shale oil, and most of the non-conventional oils rate, between 60 - $ 80, compared with an average of 10-40 dollars a barrel for the production of conventional oil.
Mention here that the hydraulic Crusted her process of negative effects on the surrounding environment the well, under and above the ground; what makes the production process is subject to the laws of maintaining strict environment which may amount to stop or carry large sums additions, and this applies to cases of shale oil production outside the US United.
Shale oil definition: It is normal oil there is in the nature of the liquid state, within the pores of the semi-rocks deaf does not allow him to flow without opening passages of poetry reached between Msamath to where the hole production, and this improved permeability where it is the greater permeability is improving well production, and The lower permeability well production fluids from underground dropped.
And shale oil production is done through a process called hydraulic Crusted, this process requires the presence of a number of expensive heavy equipment and large-capacity pumps to pump fluid under high pressure.
And you need one of the well to a large amount of water up to five million gallons, with a mixture of chemical and quantity of coarse sand material. The purpose of President of the process, as evidenced by its name, is a rock-solid Thqiq under pressure pumping and cause cracks poetry rushes through which the liquid oil to the well, to be produced like an ordinary well. The task of chemicals to help soften the rocks to make it easier Thqigaha. During the process of Athqiq rush-grained sand to settle in the rocky crevices and keep it open after the demise of the pressure Crusted process.
The effectiveness of treatment producing hydraulic Crusted layers in a manner very much depends on the quality of used fluids and their properties, where the hydraulic fluid Crusted consists of 99.5% water and sand, and 0.5% and additives are chemicals that help Crusted process.
Liquid must have a good able to maintain the sand particles suspended in it until you reach the updated in-class notch, but at the same time should check less loss of pressure as a result of friction between the liquid and the walls of the pipes, which is pumped through it in the well, so usually is the use of two types of liquids, In the beginning, using a liquid for a few wife to be able to bring about cracks easily and then use a high-viscosity liquid to transport sand granules to cracks.
Also plays loss leaching an important role in the dimensions of the cracks that are obtained, the more the loss leaching slightly whenever the deepest notch in the class (the radius of the region's largest) cracked, and vice versa whenever he lost a large cold whenever incision is smaller and the impact of lost leaching on the dimensions of the cracks bigger much of the impact of the rate of fluid in the class as well as viscosity.
1. with an oil based fluids.
2. with water-based fluids.
3. mixed fluids from Msthaliat type.
Maintaining the cracks process is also considered after re-Crusted means of a very important class to the success of this treatment process, which is done by injecting a solid material removed from the surface by means of Crusted In the second stage after a Crusted.
Of material that keeps the incision open and expensive to use are: grains of sand Alkuartza which must be homogeneous and spherical dimensions, as well as aluminum or glass granules or a mixture of sand and aluminum Alkuartza ....... etc.
And these granules must have the following conditions:
- Great resistance to compression.
- Crusted not be affected by liquid or fluid in the existing class.
- To enjoy good Bnfoveh when Andgatha by the walls of the notch after decreasing the pressure in the Kabqh result of the withdrawal of the liquid after treatment.
- Be easy to prepare and low costs.
The dimensions of the particles depends on the permeability of the layer where used granules Boavadd ranging from (0.5 to 0.8 mm) in order to few permeability, either for higher-permeability layers Vtstaml granules with dimensions ranging from (0.8 to 1.5 mm) in order to secure the capacity large flow through the cracks formed.
It is characteristic of shale oil production that very few compared to the quantity of production of conventional oil, and production well lose more than 70 per cent of its production during the first year. And graded descent of production for two or three years until it reaches the level of uneconomic. And then re-Crusted process or drilling a new well.
And range from digging the rocky cost of the well in the United States from four to eight million dollars. If we take into account the availability factor of competition between the various companies there and trained manpower, the bringing of one of those companies outside the United States, as the Middle East, will pay the costs to weakness at the very least, not to mention the scarcity of water in desert environments.
And here we must note that the shale oil production was not as a result of the development of new technological methods have contributed to facilitate the extraction of this type of oils, or that it happened after that was discovered commercial quantities of oils non-traditional, Oil shale was known its existence for decades. And the process of hydraulic Crusted with all its components and details were the other known a long time ago and operates most of the oil companies around the world. The producers, who pay finally to resort to non-conventional oil production is high-cost prices that exceeded the hundred-dollar a barrel level in the past years. And to what degree, the feeling that the traditional cheap oil production has been verging on the highest level, with the continuity of increasing global demand for energy sources, where he became a full does not meet the growing energy requirements of the international community.
In the oil-producing wells shale rock size is very limited and only a short distance from the vicinity of the well. Once you start down the production quantity by a large margin, as is seen in the chart above. Terms of the amount per well production rate is less than 500 barrels per day and diminished significantly during the first three years of life, which requires re-Crusted process or drilling new wells, which is likely. While the production of conventional oil wells rate of more than three thousand barrels per day and the age of the well may extend to more than 20 years. Whatever we add new wells and renewed life of old wells, quantity of production will remain modest and the process is very expensive. And ranges from the cost of producing a barrel of shale oil, and most of the non-conventional oils rate, between 60 - $ 80, compared with an average of 10-40 dollars a barrel for the production of conventional oil.
Mention here that the hydraulic Crusted her process of negative effects on the surrounding environment the well, under and above the ground; what makes the production process is subject to the laws of maintaining strict environment which may amount to stop or carry large sums additions, and this applies to cases of shale oil production outside the US United.
