Crude oil processing operations
Accompanies the oil while coming out of the well gas and salts and water and mechanical impurities "Sand and clay" in some cases, and therefore must be separated partially these things in the field, and then entirely in the refinery.
And is associated with the separation of gases in the oil fields in the natural gas plants to isolate, then you pay to gasoline unit to separate light condensate, which are often associated with the gases, which are separated be intensified called "natural gasoline." Then push crude then to warehouses deposition, where they are separated by sedimentation mechanical impurities. After that is leachability of oil by washing salt water fresh Wash Water and pulls water then oil in units of wet oil treatment. Addresses containing a large proportion of salts by 3-5% water oil. And separates the water from the oil in some cases relatively easily. But often be fixed with a difficult chapter emulsions of oil, especially during pumping and transport operations in the tubes very quickly Mmisab get rid of it.
(1) the separation of gases and installation of oil in fields
The gas that comes with oil while coming out of the well, must be separated from the oil. This separation in oil fields in the natural gas isolate stations, by reducing the mixture of oil and gas movement speed. The gas separation method is used at several stages in the case of high-pressure wells.
It is not enough just gas oil separation, as many left after the separation of light Alktefat that may evaporate during storage in warehouses and pour the oil in the tanks ... etc. It is therefore advisable to install in the oil fields, especially if the oil extracted contains a lot of Alktefat light, and to be carried over long distances.
And boils petroleum installed in separate Alktefat light and dissolved gases from crude. And went for this purpose fumes Alktefat light and gas after passing through the condenser to the gas separator gas separator, which separates the gas and paid by a pump to the gas network or to the gas processing plants. And directs the installer to petroleum refining factories
Sometimes using a gas separator water separator first called in this case 3-phase separator
(2) removal of water and salts from the oil
Of water and mechanical impurities "salt, sand and mud," always accompany oil during extraction. And separates the free water Free Water of petroleum in some cases, relatively easily, but it is stable emulsions with oil in others.
And must be subject to oil, which gets him in the image of the emulsion, to address the private relatively complex to be separated from the water and mechanical impurities, as the petroleum refining impurities hold a run industrial units to a large extent. If Preheat example Petroleum contain mechanical impurities in the heat exchanger, these impurities are deposited on the heating surface; thereby reducing the efficiency of the heat exchanger, and during the oil passage in the tubes at high speeds to be solid particles impact of abrasive materials, which they rub in hardware Vtpeleta prematurely . And lead mechanical impurities remain in the petroleum residue after distillation, to reduce the quality of these residues and increase the proportion of the ash (fuel boilers and coke), and to the lack of access to matching products to the specifications.
Strongly water evaporates inside with oil in heating devices, thus increasing its size dramatically increased, leading to the lifting of the pressure in the hardware and operating rates technical breach of the unit. It contains the water in the oil to a large amount of salt. These salts are available mainly in the form of chlorides NaCl, MgCl2, CaCl2, and consists of hydrochloric acid from the decomposition of calcium chloride and magnesium chloride, especially during the distillation process, and this acid eroding devices strongly.
It is clear from the foregoing that after the oil obtained from wells, must be subject to address preparatory to provide the required degree of purity.
(3) oil emulsions
There are two types of petroleum emulsions: "Water in oil", emulsions hydrophobic hydorphobic, and "oil in the water," emulsions Hedrofelih hydrophilic.
The first type emulsions more prevalent than type II. In the first type emulsions there is water in the amount of oil in the form of countless drops of infinitesimal. In the second type emulsions of oil shall be in the form of single droplets suspended in water.
The main composition of emulsions process in the following: the boundary between the fluids do not mix each other, and one of them scattered in the other the image of very small particles, accumulate a third material necessary to form the emulsion called factor emulsion or Sticky emulsion, what is the emulsifying? Factor emulsified and dissolved in a questioners component of what looks like a membrane. And obscures this membrane material dispersed droplets and prevents integration. These factors are emulsified in the oil and resins Alosfeltinat and soap Alinvtheh acids and salts. In addition to the articles mentioned, various solid impurities separated affect one of the phases on the stability of the emulsion.
Factors emulsified either Hedrofelih or hydrophobic. The resins and asphaltenes Alinvtheh acids in the oil and natural compounds factors emulsified Oedrovobah. The soaps and Alsodiomah Albotaseyoumah which consist mainly of interaction in oil Alinvtheh acids with metal salts dissolved in water drilling, they are emulsified factors Hedrofelih. And enjoy Nfetinat Ca, A1, Fe. Mg hydrophobic properties. Solid surface and pendants useless activity, but the accumulation on the interface interface, between the oil and the water makes the membrane more durable and more stable emulsion. And supports two types of emulsions are mentioned above on the existence of this kind or that of emulsified factors and installed.
The emulsion is formed by mixing water and oil in nature "oil in the water" if the installer is dissolved in water. Omaama installer was dissolved in the middle Aloedrokrbone consists of emulsion type "water in the oil."
Accompanies the oil while coming out of the well gas and salts and water and mechanical impurities "Sand and clay" in some cases, and therefore must be separated partially these things in the field, and then entirely in the refinery.
And is associated with the separation of gases in the oil fields in the natural gas plants to isolate, then you pay to gasoline unit to separate light condensate, which are often associated with the gases, which are separated be intensified called "natural gasoline." Then push crude then to warehouses deposition, where they are separated by sedimentation mechanical impurities. After that is leachability of oil by washing salt water fresh Wash Water and pulls water then oil in units of wet oil treatment. Addresses containing a large proportion of salts by 3-5% water oil. And separates the water from the oil in some cases relatively easily. But often be fixed with a difficult chapter emulsions of oil, especially during pumping and transport operations in the tubes very quickly Mmisab get rid of it.
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| oil - petroleum |
The gas that comes with oil while coming out of the well, must be separated from the oil. This separation in oil fields in the natural gas isolate stations, by reducing the mixture of oil and gas movement speed. The gas separation method is used at several stages in the case of high-pressure wells.
It is not enough just gas oil separation, as many left after the separation of light Alktefat that may evaporate during storage in warehouses and pour the oil in the tanks ... etc. It is therefore advisable to install in the oil fields, especially if the oil extracted contains a lot of Alktefat light, and to be carried over long distances.
And boils petroleum installed in separate Alktefat light and dissolved gases from crude. And went for this purpose fumes Alktefat light and gas after passing through the condenser to the gas separator gas separator, which separates the gas and paid by a pump to the gas network or to the gas processing plants. And directs the installer to petroleum refining factories
Sometimes using a gas separator water separator first called in this case 3-phase separator
(2) removal of water and salts from the oil
Of water and mechanical impurities "salt, sand and mud," always accompany oil during extraction. And separates the free water Free Water of petroleum in some cases, relatively easily, but it is stable emulsions with oil in others.
And must be subject to oil, which gets him in the image of the emulsion, to address the private relatively complex to be separated from the water and mechanical impurities, as the petroleum refining impurities hold a run industrial units to a large extent. If Preheat example Petroleum contain mechanical impurities in the heat exchanger, these impurities are deposited on the heating surface; thereby reducing the efficiency of the heat exchanger, and during the oil passage in the tubes at high speeds to be solid particles impact of abrasive materials, which they rub in hardware Vtpeleta prematurely . And lead mechanical impurities remain in the petroleum residue after distillation, to reduce the quality of these residues and increase the proportion of the ash (fuel boilers and coke), and to the lack of access to matching products to the specifications.
Strongly water evaporates inside with oil in heating devices, thus increasing its size dramatically increased, leading to the lifting of the pressure in the hardware and operating rates technical breach of the unit. It contains the water in the oil to a large amount of salt. These salts are available mainly in the form of chlorides NaCl, MgCl2, CaCl2, and consists of hydrochloric acid from the decomposition of calcium chloride and magnesium chloride, especially during the distillation process, and this acid eroding devices strongly.
It is clear from the foregoing that after the oil obtained from wells, must be subject to address preparatory to provide the required degree of purity.
(3) oil emulsions
There are two types of petroleum emulsions: "Water in oil", emulsions hydrophobic hydorphobic, and "oil in the water," emulsions Hedrofelih hydrophilic.
The first type emulsions more prevalent than type II. In the first type emulsions there is water in the amount of oil in the form of countless drops of infinitesimal. In the second type emulsions of oil shall be in the form of single droplets suspended in water.
The main composition of emulsions process in the following: the boundary between the fluids do not mix each other, and one of them scattered in the other the image of very small particles, accumulate a third material necessary to form the emulsion called factor emulsion or Sticky emulsion, what is the emulsifying? Factor emulsified and dissolved in a questioners component of what looks like a membrane. And obscures this membrane material dispersed droplets and prevents integration. These factors are emulsified in the oil and resins Alosfeltinat and soap Alinvtheh acids and salts. In addition to the articles mentioned, various solid impurities separated affect one of the phases on the stability of the emulsion.
Factors emulsified either Hedrofelih or hydrophobic. The resins and asphaltenes Alinvtheh acids in the oil and natural compounds factors emulsified Oedrovobah. The soaps and Alsodiomah Albotaseyoumah which consist mainly of interaction in oil Alinvtheh acids with metal salts dissolved in water drilling, they are emulsified factors Hedrofelih. And enjoy Nfetinat Ca, A1, Fe. Mg hydrophobic properties. Solid surface and pendants useless activity, but the accumulation on the interface interface, between the oil and the water makes the membrane more durable and more stable emulsion. And supports two types of emulsions are mentioned above on the existence of this kind or that of emulsified factors and installed.
The emulsion is formed by mixing water and oil in nature "oil in the water" if the installer is dissolved in water. Omaama installer was dissolved in the middle Aloedrokrbone consists of emulsion type "water in the oil."
